Century of the Wind Read online

  Century of the Wind

  Memory of Fire, Volume Three

  Eduardo Galeano

  “I believe in memory not as a place of arrival, but as point of departure—a catapult throwing you into present times, allowing you to imagine the future instead of accepting it. It would be absolutely impossible for me to have any connection with history if history were just a collection of dead people, dead names, dead facts. That’s why I wrote Memory of Fire in the present tense, trying to keep alive everything that happened and allow it to happen again, as soon as the reader reads it.”

  EDUARDO GALEANO

  Contents

  Preface

  1900: San José de Gracia The World Goes On

  1900: West Orange, New Jersey Edison

  1900: Montevideo Rodó

  1901: New York This Is America, to the South There’s Nothing

  1901: In All Latin America Processions Greet the Birth of the Century

  1901: Amiens Verne

  1902: Quetzaltenango The Government Decides That Reality Doesn’t Exist

  1902: Guatemala City Estrada Cabrera

  1902: Saint Pierre Only the Condemned Is Saved

  1903: Panama City The Panama Canal

  1903: Panama City Casualties of This War: One Chinese, One Burro,

  1903: La Paz Huilka

  1904: Rio de Janeiro Vaccine

  1905: Montevideo The Automobile,

  1905: Montevideo The Decadent Poets

  1905: Ilopango Miguel at One Week

  1906: Paris Santos Dumont

  1907: Sagua la Grande Lam

  1907: Iquique The Flags of Many Countries

  1907: Rio Batalha Nimuendajú

  1908: Asunción Barrett

  1908: San Andrés de Sotavento The Government Decides That Indians Don’t Exist

  1908: San Andrés de Sotavento Portrait of a Master of Lives and Estates

  1908: Guanape Portrait of Another Master of Lives and Estates

  1908: Mérida, Yucatán Curtain Time and After

  1908: Ciudad Juárez Wanted

  1908: Caracas Castro

  1908: Caracas Dolls

  1909: Paris A Theory of National Impotence

  1909: New York Charlotte

  1909: Managua Inter-American Relations at Work

  1910: Amazon Jungle The People Eaters

  1910: Rio de Janeiro The Black Admiral

  1910: Rio de Janeiro Portrait of Brazil’s Most Expensive Lawyer

  1910: Rio de Janeiro Reality and the Law Seldom Meet

  1910: Mauricio Colony Tolstoy

  1910: Havana The Cinema

  1910: Mexico City The Centennial and Love

  1910: Mexico City The Centennial and Food

  1910: Mexico City The Centennial and Art

  1910: Mexico City The Centennial and the Dictator

  1911: Anenecuilco Zapata

  1911: Mexico City Madero

  1911: The Fields of Chihuahua Pancho Villa

  1911: Machu Picchu The Last Sanctuary of the Incas

  1912: Quito Alfaro

  Sad Verses from the Ecuadoran Songbook

  1912: Cantón Santa Ana Chronicle of the Customs of Manabí

  1912: Pajeú de Flores Family Wars

  1912: Daiquirí Daily Life in the Caribbean: An Invasion

  1912: Niquinohomo Daily Life in Central America: Another Invasion

  1912: Mexico City Huerta

  1913: Mexico City An Eighteen-Cent Rope

  1913: Jonacatepec The Hordes Are Not Destroyed

  Zapata and Those Two

  1913: The Plains of Chihuahua The North of Mexico Celebrates War and Fiesta

  1913: Culiacán Bullets

  1913: The Fields of Chihuahua One of These Mornings I Murdered Myself,

  1914: Montevideo Batlle

  1914: San Ignacio Quiroga

  1914: Montevideo Delmira

  1914: Ciudad Jiménez Chronicler of Angry Peoples

  1914: Salt Lake City Songster of Angry Peoples

  1914: Torreón By Rail They March to Battle

  1914: The Fields of Morelos It’s Time to Get Moving and Fight,

  1914: Mexico City Huerta Flees

  1915: Mexico City Power Ungrasped

  1915: Tlaltizapán Agrarian Reform

  1915: El Paso Azuela

  1916: Tlaltizapán Carranza

  1916: Buenos Aires Isadora

  1916: New Orleans Jazz

  1916: Columbus Latin America Invades the United States

  1916: León Darío

  1917: The Fields of Chihuahua and Durango Eagles into Hens

  1918: Córdoba Moldy Scholars

  1918: Córdoba “The Pains That Linger Are the Liberties We Lack,” Proclaims the Student Manifesto

  1918: Ilopango Miguel at Thirteen

  1918: The Mountains of Morelos Ravaged Land, Living Land

  1918: Mexico City The New Bourgeoisie is Born Lying

  1919: Cuautla This Man Taught Them That Life Is Not Only Fear of Suffering and Hope for Death

  Ballad of the Death of Zapata

  1919: Hollywood Chaplin

  1919: Hollywood Keaton

  1919: Memphis Thousands of People Flock to the Show,

  1921: Rio de Janeiro Rice Powder

  1921: Rio de Janeiro Pixinguinha

  1921: Rio de Janeiro Brazil’s Fashionable Author

  1922: Toronto This Reprieve

  1922: Leavenworth For Continuing to Believe That All Belongs to All

  1922: The Fields of Patagonia The Worker-Shoot

  1923: Guayas River Crosses Float in the River,

  1923: Acapulco The Function of the Forces of Order in the Democratic Process

  1923: Azángaro Urviola

  1923: Callao Mariátegui

  1923: Buenos Aires Snapshot of a Worker-Hunter

  1923: Tampico Traven

  1923: The Fields of Durango Pancho Villa Reads the Thousand and One Nights,

  1923: Mexico City/Parral The People Donated a Million Dead to the Mexican Revolution

  1924: Mérida, Yucatán More on the Function of the Forces of Order in the Democratic Process

  1924: Mexico City Nationalizing the Walls

  1924: Mexico City Diego Rivera

  1924: Mexico City Orozco

  1924: Mexico City Siqueiros

  The People Are the Hero of Mexican Mural Painting, Says Diego Rivera

  1924: Regla Lenin

  1926: San Albino Sandino

  1926: Puerto Cabezas The Most Admirable Women on Earth

  1926: Juazeiro do Norte Father Cicero

  1926: Juazeiro do Norte By Divine Miracle a Bandit Becomes a Captain

  1926: New York Valentino

  1927: Chicago Louie

  1927: New York Bessie

  1927: Rapallo Pound

  1927: Charlestown “Lovely day,”

  1927: Araraquara Mário de Andrade

  1927: Paris Villa-Lobos

  1927: The Plains of Jalisco Behind a Huge Cross of Sticks

  1927: San Gabriel de Jalisco A Child Looks On

  1927: El Chipote The War of Jaguars and Birds

  1928: San Rafael del Norte Crazy Little Army

  “It Was All Very Brotherly”

  1928: Washington Newsreel

  1928: Managua Profile of Colonial Power

  1928: Mexico City Obregón

  1928: Villahermosa The Priest Eater

  1928: Southern Santa Marta Bananization

  1928: Aracataca The Curse

  1928: Ciénaga Carnage

  1928: Aracataca García Márquez

  1928: Bogotá Newsreel

  1929: Mexico City Mella

  1929: Mexico City Tina Modotti

  1929: Mexico City Frida />
  1929: Capela Lampião

  1929: Atlantic City The Crime Trust

  1929: Chicago Al Capone

  Al Capone Calls for Defense Against the Communist Danger

  1929: New York Euphoria

  From the Capitalist Manifesto of Henry Ford, Automobile Manufacturer

  1929: New York The Crisis

  1930: La Paz A Touching Adventure of the Prince of Wales Among the Savages

  1930: Buenos Aires Yrigoyen

  1930: Paris Ortiz Echagüe, Journalist, Comments on the Fallen Price of Meat

  1930: Avellaneda The Cow, the Sword, and the Cross

  1930: Castex The Last Rebel Gaucho

  1930: Santo Domingo The Hurricane

  1930: Ilopango Miguel at Twenty-Five

  1930: New York Daily Life in the Crisis

  1930: Achuapa Shrinking the Rainbow

  1931: Bocay The Trumpets Will Sound

  Sandino Writes to One of His Officers: “We won’t be able to walk for all the flowers …”

  1931: Bocay Santos López

  1931: Bocay Tranquilino

  1931: Bocay Little Cabrera

  1931: Hanwell The Winner

  1932: Hollywood The Loser

  1932: Mexico City Eisenstein

  1932: The Roads of Santa Fe The Puppeteer

  1932: Izalco The Right to Vote and Its Painful Consequences

  1932: Soyapango Miguel at Twenty-Six

  1932: Managua Sandino Is Advancing

  1932: San Salvador Miguel at Twenty-Seven

  1933: Managua The First U.S. Military Defeat in Latin America

  1933: Camp Jordán The Chaco War

  Céspedes

  Roa Bastos

  1934: Managua Horror Film: Scenario for Two Actors and a Few Extras

  1934: Managua The Government Decides That Crime Does Not Exist

  1934: San Salvador Miguel at Twenty-Nine

  1935: The Villamontes-Boyuibe Road After Ninety Thousand Deaths

  1935: Maracay Gómez

  1935: Buenos Aires Borges

  1935: Buenos Aires These Infamous Years

  1935: Buenos Aires Discepolín

  1935: Buenos Aires Evita

  1935: Buenos Aires Alfonsina

  1935: Medellín Gardel

  1936: Buenos Aires Patoruzú

  1936: Rio de Janeiro Olga and He

  1936: Madrid The Spanish War

  1936: San Salvador Martínez

  1936: San Salvador: Miguel at Thirty-One

  1936: Guatemala City Ubico

  1936: Trujillo City In the Year Six of the Trujillo Era

  Procedure Against Rain

  Procedure Against Disobedience

  1937: Dajabón Procedure Against the Black Menace

  1937: Washington Newsreel

  1937: Rio de Janeiro Procedure Against the Red Menace

  1937: Cariri Valley The Crime of Community

  1937: Rio de Janeiro Monteiro Lobato

  1937: Madrid Hemingway

  1937: Mexico City The Bolero

  1937: Mexico City Cantinflas

  1937: Mexico City Cárdenas

  1938: Anenecuilco Nicolás, Son of Zapata

  1938: Mexico City The Nationalization of Oil

  1938: Mexico City Showdown

  1938: Coyoacán Trotsky

  1938: The Hinterland The Cangaceiros

  1938: Angico The Cangaceiro Hunters

  1939: São Salvador de Bahia The Women of the Gods

  Exú

  María Padilha

  1939: Rio de Janeiro The Samba

  1939: Rio de Janeiro The Scoundrel

  1939: Rio de Janeiro Cartola

  1939: Montserrat Vallejo

  1939: Washington Roosevelt

  1939: Washington In the Year Nine of the Trujillo Era

  1939: Washington Somoza

  1939: New York Superman

  1941: New York Portrait of an Opinion Maker

  1942: New York The Red Cross Doesn’t Accept Black Blood

  1942: Oxford, Mississippi Faulkner

  1942: Hollywood Brecht

  1942: Hollywood The Good Neighbors to the South

  1942: María Barzola Pampa A Latin American Method for Reducing Production Costs

  1943: Sans-Souci Carpentier

  1943: Port-au-Prince Hands That Don’t Lie

  1943: Mount Rouis A Little Grain of Salt

  1944: New York Learning to See

  1945: The Guatemala–El Salvador Border Miguel at Forty

  1945: Hiroshima and Nagasaki A Sun of Fire,

  1945: Princeton Einstein

  1945: Buenos Aires Perón

  1945: The Fields of Tucumán The Familiar

  A Wake for a Little Angel

  1945: The Fields of Tucumán Yupanqui

  1946: La Paz The Rosca

  1946: La Paz Villarroel

  1946: Hollywood Carmen Miranda

  1948: Bogotá On the Eve

  1948: Bogotá Gaitán

  1948: Bogotá The Bogotazo

  1948: Bogotá Flames

  1948: Bogotá Ashes

  1948: Upar Valley The Vallenato

  1948: Wroclaw Picasso

  1948: Somewhere in Chile Neruda

  1948: San José de Costa Rica Figueres

  1949: Washington The Chinese Revolution

  1949: Havana Radio Theater

  1950: Rio de Janeiro Obdulio

  1950: Hollywood Rita

  1950: Hollywood Marilyn

  1951: Mexico City Buñuel

  1952: San Fernando Hill Sick unto Death

  1952: La Paz El Illimani

  1952: La Paz Drum of the People

  A Woman of the Bolivian Mines Gives the Recipe for a Homemade Bomb

  1952: Cochabamba Cries of Mockery and Grievance

  Shameless Verses Sung by Indian Women of Cochabamba to Jesus Christ

  1952: Buenos Aires The Argentine People Feel Naked Without Her

  1952: On the High Seas Wanted: Charlie the Tramp

  1952: London An Admirable Ghost

  1953: Washington Newsreel

  1953: Washington The Witch Hunt

  1953: Washington Portrait of a Witch Hunter

  1953: Seattle Robeson

  1953: Santiago de Cuba Fidel

  1953: Santiago de Cuba The Accused Turns Prosecutor and Announces: “History Will Absolve Me”

  1953: Boston United Fruit

  1953: Guatemala City Arbenz

  1953: San Salvador Dictator Wanted

  1954: Washington The Deciding Machine, Piece by Piece

  1954: Boston The Lie Machine, Piece by Piece

  1954: Guatemala City The Reconquest of Guatemala

  1954: Mazatenango Miguel at Forty-Nine

  1954: Guatemala City Newsreel

  1954: Rio de Janeiro Getulio

  1955: Medellín Nostalgia

  1955: Asunción Withdrawal Symptoms

  1955: Guatemala City One Year after the Reconquest of Guatemala,

  1956: Buenos Aires The Government Decides That Peronism Doesn’t Exist

  1956: León Son of Somoza

  1956: Santo Domingo In the Year Twenty-Six of the Trujillo Era

  1956: Havana Newsreel

  1956: At the Foot of the Sierra Maestro Twelve Lunatics

  1957: Benidorm Marked Cards

  1957: Majagual Colombia’s Sainted Egg

  1957: Sucre Saint Lucío

  1957: The Sinú River Banks Saint Domingo Vidal

  1957: Pino del Agua Crucito

  1957: El Uvero Almeida

  1957: Santiago de Cuba Portrait of an Imperial Ambassador

  1957: El Hombrito Che

  Old Chana, Campesina of the Sierra Maestra, Remembers:

  1958: Stockholm Pelé

  1958: Stockholm Garrincha

  1958: Sierra Maestra The Revolution Is an Unstoppable Centipede

  1958: Yaguajay Camilo

  1959: Havana Cuba Wakes Up Without Batista

  The Rumba
r />   1959: Havana Portrait of a Caribbean Casanova

  1959: Havana “We have only won the right to begin,”

  1960: Brasília A City, or Delirium in the Midst of Nothing

  1960: Rio de Janeiro Niemeyer

  1960: Rio de Janeiro Guimaraes Rosa

  1960: Artemisa Thousands and Thousands of Machetes

  1961: Santo Domingo In the Year Thirty-One of the Trujillo Era

  1961: Santo Domingo Defunctisimo

  1961: Bay of Pigs Against the Wind,

  1961: Playa Girón The Second U.S. Military Defeat in Latin America

  1961: Havana Portrait of the Past

  1961: Washington Who Invaded Cuba? A Dialogue in the U.S. Senate

  1961: Havana María de la Cruz

  1961: Punta del Este Latrine Diplomacy

  1961: Escuinapa The Tale Spinner

  1961: São Salvador de Bahia Amado

  1962: Cosalá One Plus One Is One

  1962: Villa de Jesús María One Plus One Is All

  1963: Bayamo Hurricane Flora

  1963: Havana Everyone a Jack-of-All-Trades

  1963: Havana Portrait of the Bureaucrat

  1963: Havana Bola de Nieve

  1963: Río Coco On His Shoulders He Carries the Embrace of Sandino,

  1963: San Salvador Miguel at Fifty-Eight

  1963: Dallas The Government Decides That Truth Doesn’t Exist

  1963: Santo Domingo A Chronicle of Latin American Customs

  1964: Panama Twenty-Three Boys Are Pumped Full of Lead

  1964: Rio de Janeiro “There are dark clouds,”

  1964: Juiz de Fora The Reconquest of Brazil

  1964: La Paz Without Shame or Glory,

  1964: North of Potosí With Savage Fury

  Hats

  1965: San Juan, Puerto Rico Bosch

  1965: Santo Domingo Caamaño

  1965: Santo Domingo The Invasion

  1965: Santo Domingo One Hundred Thirty-Two Nights

  1965: Havana This Multiplier of Revolutions,

  Che Guevara Bids Farewell to His Parents

  1966: Patiocemento “We know that hunger is mortal,”

  1967: Llallagua The Feast of San Juan

  1967: Catavi The Day After

  1967: Catavi Domitila

  The Interrogation of Domitila

  1967: Catavi The God in the Stone

  1967: On the Ñancahuazú River Banks Seventeen Men March to Annihilation

  1967: Yuro Ravine The Fall of Che

  1967: Higueras Bells Toll for Him

  1967: La Paz Portrait of a Supermacho

  1967: Estoril Society Notes

  1967: Houston Ali

  1968: Memphis Portrait of a Dangerous Man

  1968: San Jose, California The Chicanos

  1968: San Juan, Puerto Rico Albizu

  1968: Mexico City The Students

  “There was much, much blood,” says the mother of a student,

  1968: Mexico City Revueltas