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  Faces and Masks

  Memory of Fire, Volume Two

  Eduardo Galeano

  Contents

  Preface

  Promise of America

  1701: Salinas Valley The Skin of God

  1701: Sāo Salvador de Bahia Voice of America

  1701: Paris Temptation of America

  Sentinel of America

  1701: Ouro Prêto Conjuring Tricks

  1703: Lisbon Gold, Passenger in Transit

  1709: The Juan Fernández Islands Robinson Crusoe

  1711: Paramaribo The Silent Women

  They Carry Life in Their Hair

  The Maroon

  1711: Murrí They Are Never Alone

  1711: Saint Basil’s Refuge The Black King, the White Saint, and His Sainted Wife

  The Maríapalito

  1712: Santa Marta From Piracy to Contraband

  1714: Ouro Prêto The Mine Doctor

  1714: Vila Nova do Príncipe Jacinta

  1716: Potosí Holguín

  1716: Cuzco The Image Makers

  Mary, Mother Earth

  Pachamama

  Mermaids

  1717: Quebec The Man Who Didn’t Believe in Winter

  1717: Dupas Island The Founders

  Portrait of the Indians

  Songs of the Chippewa Indians in the Great Lakes Region

  1718: Sāo José del Rei The Pillory

  1719: Potosí The Plague

  1721: Zacatecas To Eat God

  If You Inadvertently Lose Your Soul

  1726: Montevideo Bay Montevideo

  1733: Ouro Prêto Fiestas

  1736: Saint John’s, Antigua Flare-ups

  1738: Trelawny Town Cudjoe

  1739: New Nanny Town Nanny

  Pilgrimage in Jamaica

  1742: Juan Fernández Islands Anson

  1753: Sierra Leone River Let Us Praise the Lord

  1758: Cap Français Macandal

  1761: Cisteil Canek

  1761: Merida Fragments

  1761: Cisteil Sacred Corn

  1763: Buraco de Tatú The Subversives Set a Bad Example

  Communion

  Bahia Portrait

  Your Other Head, Your Other Memory

  1763: Rio de Janeiro Here

  1763: Tijuco The World Inside a Diamond

  1763: Havana Progress

  The Slaves Believe:

  The Ceiba Tree

  The Royal Palm

  1766: The Fields of Areco The Wild Horses

  1767: Misiones The Story of Seven Villages

  1767: Misiones The Expulsion of the Jesuits

  1767: Misiones They Won’t Let Their Tongues Be Torn Out

  1769: London The First Novel Written in America

  Indians and Dreams in the Novel of Frances Brooke

  1769: Lima Viceroy Amat

  1769: Lima La Perricholi

  The Snack Clock

  1771: Madrid Royal Summit

  1771: Paris The Age of Enlightenment

  1771: Paris The Physiocrats

  1771: Paris The Minister of Colonies Explains Why Mulattos Should Not Be Freed from Their Congenital “State of Humiliation”

  1772: Cap Français France’s Richest Colony

  1772: Léogane Zabeth

  1773: San Mateo Huitzilopochco The Strength of Things

  1774: San Andres ltzapan Dominus Vobiscum

  1775: Guatemala City Sacraments

  1775: Huehuetenango Trees that Know, Bleed, Talk

  1775: Gado-Saby Bonny

  1776: Cape Coast Castle Alchemists of the African Slave Trade

  1776: Pennsylvania Paine

  1776: Philadelphia The United States

  1776: Monticello Jefferson

  1777: Paris Franklin

  If He Had Been Born a Woman

  1778: Philadelphia Washington

  1780: Bologna Clavijero Defends the Accursed Lands

  1780: Sangarara America Burns from Mountains to Sea

  1780: Tungasuca Túpac Amaru II

  1780: Pomacanchi The Workshop Is an Enormous Ship

  A Colonial Poem: If the Indians Triumph …

  1781: Bogotá The Commoners

  1781: Támara The Plainsmen

  1781: Zipaquirá Galán ‘

  Popular Ballad of the Commoners

  1781: Cuzco The Center of the Earth, the House of the Gods

  1781: Cuzco Dust and Sorrow Are the Roads of Peru

  1781: Cuzco Sacramental Ceremony in the Torture Chamber

  1781: Cuzco Areche’s Order Against Inca Dress and to Make Indians Speak Spanish

  1781: Cuzco Micaela

  1781: Cuzco Sacred Rain

  The Indians Believe:

  The Indians Dance to the Glory of Paradise

  1781: Chincheros Pumacahua

  1781: La Paz Tupac Catari

  1782: La Paz Rebel Women

  1782: Guaduas With Glassy Eyes,

  1782: Sicuani This Accursed Name

  1783: Panama City For Love of Death

  1783: Madrid The Human Hand Vindicated

  1785: Mexico City Lawyer Villarroel Against the Pulque Saloon

  The Pulque Saloon

  Pulque

  The Maguey

  The Mug

  1785: Mexico City Fiction in the Colonial Era

  1785: Guanajuato The Wind Blows Where It Wants

  1785: Guanajuato Silver Portrait

  1785: Lisbon The Colonial Function

  1785: Versailles The Potato Becomes a Great Lady

  The Potato Was Born of Love and Punishment, As They Tell It in the Andes

  1790: Parti Humboldt

  1790: Petit Goâve The Missing Magic

  1791: Bois Caiman The Conspirators of Haiti

  Haitian Love Song

  1792: Rio de Janeiro The Conspirators of Brazil

  1792: Rio de Janeiro Tooth-Puller

  1794: Paris “The remedy for man is man,”

  1795: Mountains of Haiti Toussaint

  1795: Santo Domingo The Island Burned

  1795: Quito Espejo

  Espejo Mocks the Oratory of These Times

  1795: Montego Bay Instruments of War

  1795: Havana Did the Gallilean Rebel Imagine He Would Be a Slave Overseer?

  1796: Ouro Prêto El Aleijadinho

  1796: Mariana Ataíde

  1796: Sāo Salvador de Bahiā Night and Snow

  1796: Caracas White Skin For Sale

  1796: San Mateo Simón Rodríguez

  1797: La Guaira The Compass and the Square

  1799: London Miranda

  Miranda Dreams of Catherine of Russia

  1799: Cumaná Two Wise Men on a Mule

  1799: Montevideo Father of the Poor

  1799: Guanajuato Life, Passion, and Business of the Ruling Class

  1799: Royal City of Chiapas The Tamemes

  1799: Madrid Fernando Túpac Amaru

  1800: Apure River To the Orinoco

  1800: Esmeralda del Orinoco Master of Poison

  Curare

  1800: Uruana Forever Earth

  1801: Lake Guatavita The Goddess at the Bottom of the Waters

  1801: Bogotá Mutis

  1802: The Caribbean Sea Napoleon Restores Slavery

  1802: Pointe-à-Pitre They Were Indignant

  1802: Chimborazo Volcano On the Roofs of the World

  1803. Fort Dauphin The Island Burned Again

  1804: Mexico City Spain’s Richest Colony

  1804: Madrid The Attorney General of the
Council of the Indies advises against overdoing the sale of whiteness certificates,

  1804: Catamarca Ambrosio’s Sin

  1804: Paris Napoleon

  1804: Seville Fray Servando

  1806: Island of Trinidad Adventures, Misadventures

  1808: Rio de Janeiro Judas-Burning Is Banned

  1809: Chuquisaca The Cry

  1810: Atotonilco The Virgin of Guadalupe Versus the Virgin of Remedios

  1810: Guanajuato El Pípila

  1810: Guadalajara Hidalgo

  1810: Pie de la Cuesta Morelos

  1811: Buenos Aires Moreno

  1811: Buenos Aires Castelli

  1811: Bogotá Nariño

  The World Upside Down, Verses for Guitar Accompanied by Singer

  1811: Chilapa Potbelly

  1811: East Bank Ranges “Nobody is more than anybody,”

  1811: Banks of the Uruguay River Exodus

  1812: Cochabamba Women

  1812: Caracas Bolivar

  1813: Chilpancingo Independence is Revolution or a Lie

  1814: San Mateo Boves

  1815: San Cristóbal Ecatepec The Lake Comes For Him

  1815: Paris Navigators of Seas and Libraries

  1815: Mérida, Yucatan Ferdinand VII

  1815: Curuzú-Cuatiá The Hides Cycle on the River Plata

  1815: Buenos Aires The Bluebloods Seek a King in Europe HO

  1815: Purification Camp Artigas

  1816: East Bank Ranges Agrarian Reform

  1816: Chicote Hill The Art of War

  1816: Tarabuco Juana Azurduy,

  1816: Port-au-Prince Pétion

  1816: Mexico City El Periquillo Sarniento

  1817: Santiago de Chile The Devil at Work

  1817: Santiago de Chile Manuel Rodriguez

  1817: Montevideo Images for an Epic

  1817: Quito Manuela Saenz

  1818: Colonia Camp The War of the Underdogs

  1818: Corrientes Andresito

  1818: Paraná River The Patriot Pirates

  1818: San Fernando de Apure War to the Death

  1819: Angostura Abecedarium: The Constituent Assembly

  1820: Boquerón Pass Finale

  You

  1821: Camp Laurelty Saint Balthazar, Black King, Greatest Sage

  1821: Carabobo Páez

  1822: Guayaquil San Martin

  1822: Buenos Aires Songbird

  1822: Rio de Janeiro Traffic Gone Mad

  1822: Quito Twelve Nymphs Stand Guard in the Main Plaza

  1823: Lima Swollen Hands from So Much Applauding

  1824: Lima In Spite of Everything

  1824: Montevideo City Chronicles from a Barber’s Chair

  1824: Plain of Junín The Silent Battle

  1825: La Paz Bolivia

  1825: Potosí Abecedarium: The Hero at the Peak

  1825: Potosí England Is Owed a Potosí

  The Curse of the Silver Mountain

  1826: Chuquisaca Bolivar and the Indians

  1826: Chuquisaca Cursed Be the Creative Imagination

  The Ideas of Simon Rodriguez: Teaching How to Think

  1826: Buenos Aires Rivadavia

  1826: Panama Lonely Countries

  1826: London Canning

  1828: Bogotá Here They Hate Her

  1828: Bogota From Manuela Sáenz’s Letter to Her Husband James Thome

  1829: Corrientes Bonpland

  1829: Asunción, Paraguay Francia the Supreme

  1829: Rio de Janeiro The Snowball of External Debt

  1830: Magdalena River The Boat Goes Down to the Sea

  1830: Maracaibo The Governor Proclaims:

  1830: La Guaira Divide et Impera

  1830: Montevideo Abecedarium: The Oath of the Constitution

  1830: Montevideo Fatherland or Grave

  1832: Santiago de Chile National Industry

  Street Cries in the Santiago de Chile Market

  1833: Arequipa Llamas

  1833: San Vicente Aquino

  1834: Paris Tacuabé

  1834: Mexico City Loving Is Giving

  1835: Galapagos Islands Darwin

  1835: Columbia Texas

  1836: San Jacinto The Free World Grows

  1836: The Alamo Portraits of the Frontier Hero

  1836: Hartford The Colt

  1837: Guatemala Morazán

  1838: Buenos Aires Rosas

  1838: Buenos Aires The Slaughterhouse

  More on Cannibalism in America

  1838: Tegucigalpa Central America Breaks to Pieces

  1839: Copán A Sacred City is Sold for Fifty Dollars

  1839: Havana The Drum Talks Dangerously

  1839: Havana Classified Ads

  1839: Valparaíso The Illuminator

  1839: Veracruz “For God’s Sake, a Husband, Be He Old, One-Armed, or Crippled”

  1840: Mexico City Masquerade

  Mexican High Society: Introduction to a Visit

  A Day of Street Cries in Mexico City

  Mexican High Society: The Doctor Says Goodbye

  1840: Mexico City A Nun Begins Convent Life

  1842: San José, Costa Rica Though Time Forget You, This Land Will Not

  1844: Mexico City The Warrior Cocks

  1844: Mexico City Santa Anna

  1845: Vuelta de Obligado The Invasion of the Merchants

  1847: Mexico City The Conquest

  1848: Villa of Guadalupe Hidalgo The Conquistadors

  1848: Mexico City The Irishmen

  1848: Ibiray An Old Man in a White Poncho in a House of Red Stone

  José Artigas, According to Domingo Faustino Sarmiento

  1848: Buenos Aires The Lovers (I)

  The Lovers (II)

  1848: Holy Places The Lovers (III)

  1848: Bacalar Cecilio Chi

  1849: Shores of the Platte River A Horseman Called Smallpox

  1849: San Francisco The Gold of California

  1849: El Molino They Were Here

  Ashes

  1849: Baltimore Poe

  1849: San Francisco Levi’s Pants

  1850: Son Francisco The Road to Development

  1850: Buenos Aires The Road to Underdevelopment: The Thought of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento

  1850: River Plata Buenos Aires and Montevideo at Mid-Century

  1850: Paris Dumas

  1850: Montevide Lautréamont at Four

  1850: Chan Santa Cruz The Talking Cross

  1851: Latacunga “I Wander at Random and Naked …”

  The Ideas of Simón Rodríguez: “Either We Invent or We Are Lost”

  1851: La Serena The Precursors

  1852: Santiago de Chile “What has independence meant to the poor?” the Chilean Santiago Arcos asks himself in jail.

  The People of Chile Sing to the Glory of Paradise

  1852: Mendoza The Lines of the Hand

  1853: La Cruz The Treasure of the Jesuits

  1853: Paita The Three

  1854: Amotape A Witness Describes Simon Rodriguez’s Farewell to the World

  1855: New York Whitman

  1855: New York Melville

  1855: Washington Territory “You people will suffocate in your own waste,” warns Indian Chief Seattle.

  The Far West

  1856: Granada Walker

  1856: Granada Stood

  Walker: “In Defense of Slavery”

  1858: Source of the Gila River The Sacred Lands of the Apaches

  1858: Kaskiyeh Geronimo

  1858: San Borja Let Death Die

  1860: Chan Santa Cruz The Ceremonial Center of the Yucatan Rebels

  1860: Havana Poet in Crisis

  1861: Havana Sugar Hands

  Sugar Language

  1861: Bull Run Grays Against Blues

  1862: Fredericksburg The Pencil of War

  1863: Mexico City “The American Algeria”

  1863: London Marx

  1865: La Paz Belzu

  From a Speech by Belzu to the Bolivian People


  1865: La Paz Melgarejo

  1865: La Paz The Shortest Coup d’État in History

  1865: Appomattox General Lee Surrenders His Ruby Sword

  1865: Washington Lincoln

  1865: Washington Homage

  1865: Buenos Aires Triple Infamy

  1865: Buenos Aires The Alliance Woven of Spider-Spittle

  1865: San José Urquiza

  1866: Curupaytí Mitre

  1866: Curupaytí The Paintbrush of War

  1867: Catamarca Plains Felipe Varela

  1867: Plains of La Rioja Torture

  1867: La Paz On Diplomacy, the Science of International Relations

  Inscriptions on a Rock in the Atacama Desert

  1867: Bogota A Novel Called María

  1867: Querétaro Maximilian

  1867: Paris To Be or to Copy, That Is the Question

  Song of the Poor in Ecuador

  1869: Mexico City Juárez

  1869: San Cristóbal de Las Casas Neither Earth nor Time Is Dumb

  1869: Mexico City Juárez and the Indians

  1869: London Lafargue

  1869: Acosta Ñú Paraguay Falls, Trampled Under Horses’ Hooves

  1870. Mount Corá Solano López

  1870: Mount Corá Elisa Lynch

  Guaraní

  1870: Buenos Aires Sarmiento

  1870: Rio de Janeiro A Thousand Candelabra Proliferate in the Mirrors

  1870: Rio de Janeiro Mauà

  1870: Vassouras The Coffee Barons

  1870: Sāo Paulo Nabuco

  1870: Buenos Aires The North Barrio

  1870: Paris Lautréamont at Twenty-Four

  1871: Lima Juana Sánchez

  1873: Camp Tempú The Mambises

  1875: Mexico City Martí

  1875: Fort Sill The Last Buffalos of the South

  Into the Beyond

  1876: Little Big Horn Sitting Bull

  1876: Little Big Horn Black Elk

  1876: Little Big Horn Custer

  1876: War Bonnet Creek Buffalo Bill

  1876: Mexico City Departure

  1877: Guatemala City The Civilizer

  1879: Mexico City The Socialists and the Indians

  1879: Choele-Choel Island The Remington Method

  1879: Buenos Aires Martín Fierro and the Twilight of the Gaucho

  1879: Port-au-Prince Maceo

  1879: Chinchas Islands Guano

  1879: Atacama and Tarapacá Deserts Saltpeter

  1880: Lima The Chinese

  1880: London In Defense of Indolence

  1881: Lincoln City Billy the Kid

  1882: Saint Joseph Jesse James

  1882: Prairies of Oklahoma Twilight of the Cowboy

  1882: New York You Too Can Succeed in Life

  1882: New York The Creation According to John D. Rockefeller

  1883: Bismarck City The Last Bufelos of the North

  1884: Santiago de Chile The Wizard of Finance Eats Soldier Meat

  1884: Huancayo The Fatherland Pays

  1885: Lima “The trouble comes from the top,” says Manuel Gonzalez Prada.